具体位置:日本本州纪伊半岛南部
路线看点:那智大瀑布;熊野本宫大社;熊野速玉大社;熊野那智大社;青岸渡寺
最佳徒步时间:春秋时节
里程:1000多公里
熊野古道主要指以下的5条道路:
纪伊路(渡边津-田边)
小边路(高野山-熊野三山、约70km)
中边路(田边-熊野三山)
大边路(田边-串本-熊野三山、约120km)
伊势路(伊势神宫-熊野三山、约160km)
作为被列为世界文化遗产名录的朝圣之路,熊野古道在文化遗产保护和生态环境保护方面可以说是全球典范。古道上“王子”、神社和遗址遗迹等现在都还保持着原貌。走在古道上,时光仿佛流转回到了平安时代的日本,崇山峻岭间遍布的神社和寺庙也在默默向人们诉说着古参诣道上发生的沧桑往事。徒步熊野古道是感受日本文化最直接、最有效的方式,于是也有了这样的说法:想要真正了解日本,就一定要去一趟熊野古道。
熊野古道是古时日本皇族、贵族和民众前往熊野三山---熊野本宫大社、熊野速玉大社、熊野那智大社---的参诣道的总称,是绵亘在日本本州纪伊半岛南部的和歌山、三重、奈良三县之中,穿梭于崇山峻岭、原始茂林或是乡野村镇之上的5条小道。早在2004年熊野古道就被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产名录(不含纪伊路),其文化价值之高由此可见一斑。其在日本本国的影响更让人惊叹:熊野三山被视为日本信仰的原点,古道上的伊势和熊野是日本精神文化源流的两个圣地,熊野古道的另一个重要节点---高野山,更是日本佛教重地。
熊野古道的鹅卵石步道从17世纪以来已经承载过无数朝圣者。本州纪伊半岛(kii peninsula)的熊野地区从史前时代起就被认为是圣地,17世纪改善后的道路鼓励了更多信徒前往。熊野古道不是一条步道,而是一个道路网,在森林遍布的纪伊山脉(kii mountains)间穿梭。中边路在江户时代(1603-1868年)是日本最受欢迎的朝圣步道。今天,你可以沿着一段路走40千米,从淹尻王子社(一个次级寺院)到达顶部的熊野本宫大社
徒步熊野古道很多时候都是在深山密林利穿行,沿途的原始森林经过成百上千年雨露风霜的洗礼,仍然屹立于古道边,静候着走过的每一个人。特别是“大门版”通往熊野那智大社的那段长约3公里的经典古道,走进后仿佛到了另一个世界,参天古树屹立两旁让人叹为观止。也许此时你会对日本文化的原点---森林思想,有了更好的理解:为什么日本哲学评论家梅原猛会将森林思想称为日本文化的原点?为什么他会将日本独特的自然人文环境与日本原始宗教中的“山川草木悉皆成神”“佛教中的平等”“永劫循环”等思想相结合?徒步的我们只能主观臆断地猜测:或许他的灵感也源于熊野古道吧。
熊野——日本的精神中心,经受住了时间的考验,它的历史可以追溯到一千多年前。熊野古道,是全球仅有的两条被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录的朝圣路线(另一条为西班牙的圣詹姆斯朝圣之路)。联合国教科文组织指出“熊野古道遗址是神道教和佛教融合的文化景观,保留了神山的源远流长的精神气息”。
Kumano, the spiritual heartland of Japan has stood the test of time. The Kumano Kodo is one of only two pilgrimage World Heritage Sites globally. Its history stretches back over a thousand years.The UNESCO World Heritage Site designation states that these sites form a cultural landscape that reflect the fusion of Shintoism and Buddhism, and a persistent and well-documented tradition of sacred mountains maintained over 1200 years.
几千年来,熊野山区一直被认为是神圣的“神灵居住的圣地”。在过去的十个世纪里,来自社会各阶层的人们已经踏足前往宁静的纪伊山脉,沿着许多朝圣路线前往受人尊敬的熊野三山神社,因此各种朝圣路径统称为“熊野古道”。熊野古道上宏伟的三山神社将佛教与日本的土着神道教融为一体。古道的小径上坐落着许多供奉神灵的神社,为步行朝圣者提供了贴心的休息之所。
For millennia the mountainous region of Kumano has been thought to be the mythical “holy ground where gods dwell.” Over the past ten centuries, people from all levels of society have journeyed to the tranquil Kii Mountains, following many pilgrimage routes to the revered Kumano Sanzan Shrines. The various paths are known collectively as the Kumano Kodo.Kumano's magnificent shrine blends Buddhism with Japan's indigenous Shinto religion. The trail is filled with the Little Prince Shrine, where local gods provide a welcome respite for walking pilgrims.
您可随心选择古道的四条徒步路线,或穿越山脉森林,或沿步海岸线,或谒神山,或访古村,或穿竹林,或观稻田,或临温泉,或访茶室。
For Japan's complex religious traditions, this is a very suitable twist, and there is no line to define the Kumano pilgrimage. Visitors can choose from four main routes through the mountains or along the coast, through traditional villages, towering bamboo forests and paddy fields along the way.
漫步熊野古道,仿佛穿越到电影《千与千寻》之中, 幽深静谧的古道、青苔掩映的神明雕像、庄严宏伟的神社门、神圣三山的宝塔、古道沿途的海岸线、甚至是温泉汤池,都与《千与千寻》有着几分相似。
Strolling through the Kumano Kodo, it seems to cross into the movie "Spirited Away", the deep and quiet ancient road, the statue of the gods covered by the moss, the majestic shrine gate, the pagoda of the holy three mountains, the coastline along the ancient road, and even the hot spring soup pool. It is highly similar to "Spirited Away".
不仅风景相似,熊野古道与《千与千寻》也有着非常一致的人文精神。熊野古道反映的神道信仰认为万物有灵,应敬畏自然,热爱地球,从而顺应自然,保护地球。同样,《千与千寻》给我们的启示是,万物都有其主宰,人类不应由于无知,而失去对自然万物的敬畏之心,在电影中,河川由河神主宰,然而其中的两位河神都遭遇了窘境,第一位河神因身上污垢过脏而来到温泉洗浴,第二位河神(男主角白龙/琥珀川)因琥珀川河道被人类填满盖了楼房,从此失去了立身之所。两位河神的窘境值得我们人类反思自身的所作所为—污染环境、过度破坏自然等等。
Not only is the scenery similar, but the Kumano Kodo and "Spirited Away" have a very consistent humanistic spirit. The Shinto belief reflected in the Kumano Kodo states that all things are spiritual, therefore we should respect the nature, love the earth, and thus conform to nature and protect the earth. Similarly, the revelation of Spirited Away is that all things have their own dominance, We should not lose our fear of nature because of ignorance. In the movie, the river is dominated by the river god, but two of the river gods have encountered dilemma. The first river god came to the hot spring for bath because of dirt. The second river god (the male lead Bailong/Amber River) lost his place to live because the Amber River was filled by human to build houses. The dilemma of the two river gods deserves human beings to reflect on what they have done – polluting the environment, over-damaging nature.
对自然有颗敬畏的心、爱护的心,这应该就是我们穿越朝圣之路的最大收获和人文精神所在吧。相信热爱自然,钟情徒步的您必定有所共鸣……
Humanistic spirit of gratitude and love for nature should be gained through our journey.
当我们漫步熊野古道,置身于自然的道场之中,心灵受到自然的感召而得以净化,渐渐对大自然产生敬畏感,万物有灵的神圣感油然而生。“此中有真意,欲辨已忘言”,朝圣之旅的意义不言而喻。
When we walked through the Kumano ancient road and placed ourselves in the natural dojo, the soul was purified by the natural inspiration, and gradually became respect for nature, and the sacred sense of all things will come to life.
日本的茶馆自古以来沿朝圣路线分布,因此在熊野古道,我们可在沿途的茶馆品茶、体验日本茶道的魅力,在疲惫的旅途中得到温暖的治愈。
The culture of tea in Japan goes back 1,000 years.Japanese tea houses historically populated the archipelago along pilgrimage routes such as the Kumano Kodo where travelers would stop to rest and have a cuppa.
日本茶道以“和、敬、清、寂”四字精神,成为融宗教、哲学、伦理、美学为一体的文化艺术活动。因注重形式与过程,完成整套传统的茶会需要四个小时,下面让我们来了解一下传统茶道的大致过程吧。
Japanese tea ceremony is a cultural and artistic activity that integrates religion, philosophy, ethics and aesthetics with the spirit of "harmony, respect, clear and silence". It takes four hours to complete the entire traditional tea party because of the emphasis on form and process. Now let's take a look at the general process of traditional tea ceremony.
1. 提前到达茶室。
1.Arrive a little early
The first step is to arrive a little before your reserved time to wait in the waiting room.
2. 在石盆以净手净口的仪式净化身体和灵魂,象征摆脱世俗的尘埃。
2.The purification ritual
The next step is to proceed to the tsukubai (stone basin) to ritually purify your body and soul and spiritually prepare for the ceremony. This is done by washing your hands and rinsing your mouth with water, in an attempt to symbolically rid yourself of the dust and dirt of the outside world.
3. 脱鞋后回到茶室,鞠躬后跪坐等待。所有客人坐好之后,主人将进入房间并欢迎每位客人。
3.Entering the Tea House
Remove your shoes and enter the tea room through a small door which forces the guests to bow as a sign of respect to the host. Sit and wait patiently in the seiza-style (sitting on your heals) on the tatami. After the last guest has taken their place, the host will enter the room and welcome each of the guests.
4. 主人开始清洁茶具并冲茶。
4.Host cleans the tools and prepares the tea
The host will start the tea ceremony by gracefully cleaning the tools in from of the guests before using them. Next, they will begin preparing the matcha green tea.
5. 开始品茶。主人将茶碗依次呈给每位客人。轮到你时,只需接过碗,低头并举起茶碗,以示对主人的尊重。欣赏茶碗然后旋转茶碗以避免从碗的正面饮茶。轻喝一口,并恭维主人的茶,喝几口后,擦干碗边,然后递给下一位客人,以此类推,最后一位客人将茶碗递回给主人。
5.Drinking the tea
The host will first present the tea bowl to the main guest, followed by the second guest and so on. When it is your turn, simply receive the bowl, bow to the host and raise the tea bowl in a gesture of respect to the host. Admire the tea bowl and then rotate it to avoid drinking from the front. Gently take a sip, remembering to compliment the host on the tea. After taking a few sips, wipe the rim of the bowl clean and then offer it to the next guest. This procedure is repeated until all the guests have had a chance to drink tea from the same bowl. The last guest passes the tea bowl when done back to the host.
6. 接下来,客人将收到一碗薄茶。这是茶会中比较轻松的时刻,客人可以互相交谈。然后主人将收集茶具并在客人面前清洁。客人需要在清洁后检查仪式中使用的茶具,以表示对主人的尊重和感谢。完成后,主人将收集茶具结束茶会。
6.Completing the ceremony
Next you will receive an individual bowl of thin tea. This is a more causal part of the ceremony where guests can engage in more conversation with each other. The host will then collect the utensils and clean them in front of the guests. The guests need to inspect the tools used in the ceremony after they have been cleaned as a sign of respect and gratitude to the host. When complete the host will gather the tools signalling the end of the tea ceremony.
1.熊野古道的民宿大部分都在山中的村子里,所以缤客(booking)和爱彼迎(Airbnb)上几乎没有,绝大部分都只能在熊野古道官网上预订。中边路上除了田边市内、熊野本宫大社、熊野那智大社和熊野速玉大社以外的徒步住宿点,也都只能在熊野古道官网预定。需要注意的是,所有酒店最少要提前7天预定。旺季要提前只要1月预定。
2.虽然熊野古道大部分路段都是在茂密的丛林中穿行,但仍有一部分路段是国道、县道之类的公路,一定要做好防晒工作,以防晒伤,墨镜、手套、长袖速干衣裤、帽子甚至防晒霜都是必需的。
3.熊野古道一路上石头很多,小石子很滑,大石粒很咯脚,建议穿徒步鞋,另自备一些创可贴或膏药,防止磨脚。
4.熊野古道有很多段很长的下坡路,很陡且湿滑,建议携带手杖和护膝,以防滑倒受伤。
5.古道上的民宿以及高野山上的宿坊,大多数都不能刷卡,只能付现金,建议带足现金。
朝圣者们常常到访熊野古道沿途的温泉,不仅可以治愈旅途的疲惫,还能进行身心净化仪式,品尝美味的温泉料理,可谓是上天的恩赐。
Pilgrims often visit hot springs along the Kumano Trail, which not only cures the fatigue of the journey, but also purifies body and mind. Pilgrims could also taste delicious hot spring cuisines. It is a gift from heaven.
别忘了在熊野古道的徒步证书上盖章噢。
Don’t forget to stamp your Kumano Kodo passport!
由于日本熊野古道朝圣之路、西班牙圣詹姆斯朝圣之路,是全球仅有的两条被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录的朝圣路线。所以您还可以在完成西班牙的圣詹姆斯朝圣之路后出示熊野古道徒步证书。届时,你将得到一张特别的证明,恭喜您已经完成了世界朝圣之旅!
Since the pilgrimage route of the Kumano Kodo in Japan and the pilgrimage route of St. James in Spain are the only two pilgrimage routes in the whole world that are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, you can also use this passport book from Kumano Kodo after you finish the Camino de Santiago to show you’ve done both pilgrimages. That‘s when you will get a special certificate saying you’ve completed both pilgrimages. Congratulations!
日本经典徒步线路
① 熊野古道与三山神社
② 镰仓大佛徒步
③ 四国遍路
④ 北阿尔卑斯山徒步
⑤ 北海道火山徒步
⑥ 攀登富士山
⑦ 冲绳与西南诸岛
提到日本,你想到的是什么?是精致美味的日本料理、整洁发达的都市,还是宅腐动漫文化?日本或许闻名于其独特的文化和先进的科技,但它同时是一个山区岛国。超过七成的山脉与雪峰构成了日本独特的美景,也是徒步和朝圣者的必去之地。
Although probably better known for its traditional culture and technologically advanced cities, Japan is also a country of mountains. More than seventy percent of the volcanic archipelago is covered by towering volcanic peaks and snow capped summits; and these mountains, which have traditionally held important religious and cultural significance, provide nothing short of a haven for outdoor sports enthusiasts.
正如鲁斯在《菊与刀》中提到的日本精神的矛盾性,日本的宗教也因融合了神道教与外来佛教而独具特色。从镰仓时代的神佛同体到明治的神佛分离,再到如今日本宗教的二元性,日本的神教与佛教冲撞千年,最终凝聚成岛国山脉间的一座座神社与佛龛。涓涓温泉水流淌期间,这些饱经了历史风霜的建筑在数千年来接受着信徒的朝拜。
Japanese culture enjoys a dual structure. Adhering to its inherent traditional culture,the Japanese nation actively introduces and absorbs foreign cultures. Japanese culture has been promoted in constant frictions and fusions. Shinto and Buddhism are two major religions that co-exist in Japan. The paper reflects the bicultural nature of Japan from a religious perspective by exploring the history of Shinto and Buddhism and their two-way blending.
位于高德院的青铜大佛像高达11.4米,是镰仓的地标性建筑。据说,这座佛像建立于1252年,最早被供奉在一个巨大的佛厅内。但大厅毁于1498年的海啸,从那之后大佛像就一直以天为被,以地为席,俯瞰着芸芸众生。
Kamakura's most iconic sight, an 11.4m bronze statue of Amida Buddha (amitābha in Sanskrit), is in Kōtoku-in, a Jōdo sect temple. Completed in 1252, it's said to have been inspired by Yoritomo's visit to Nara (where Japan's biggest Daibutsu holds court) after the Minamoto clan's victory over the Taira clan. Once housed in a huge hall, today the statue sits in the open, the hall having been washed away by a tsunami in 1498.
从北镰仓到大佛之间有一条3公里的徒步线路,步行通过大约需要1.5小时。沿途有几座宁静的小寺庙和神殿,还有能带来财运的钱洗辨财天宇贺福神社。据说,钱洗辨财天宇贺福神社里的泉水有增加财富的神力,把钱放在里面洗一洗就能双倍增加。
This 3km wooded trail connects Kita-Kamakura with the Daibutsu in Hase (allow about 1½ hours) and passes several small, quiet temples and shrines, including Zeniarai-benten via a slight detour, one of Kamakura's most alluring Shinto shrines.
徒步小贴士:
· 出发点:净智寺
· 所需时长:1.5小时
· 单程长度:3公里
· 难度:初级
“徒步一千四百公里,穿越四个日本古国,巡拜八十八座寺院,看尽一千两百年岁月”。
“遍路“意为“参拜、朝圣,而“四国遍路”是日本人对巡礼四国岛上八十八座佛教寺院的特定称谓。这条线路缘起于一位贪婪不仁的富翁卫门三郎的谢罪之旅,他在八个儿子相继病逝之后对自己往日的恶性懊悔不已,遍寻他曾经伤害过的那位行脚僧人,最后得到超度。
四国遍路与其他朝圣线路最大的不同便在于它起源于谢罪之旅,相传在这条路上朝圣的人必须穿上类似寿衣的特定装束,带上赴死之心进行朝拜。
据说,每年约有30万人走完四国遍路的朝圣之旅,参拜过88座寺庙,最后获得心灵的重生。
徒步小贴士
· 出发点:法然寺
· 线路全长:1400公里
· 难度:高级
日本阿尔卑斯山(Japan Alps),因壮丽巍峨如同阿尔卑斯山而得名。日本阿尔卑斯不仅风景壮美更易于攀登,即使是徒步新手也能登上3000米的高峰,一览众山小。日本阿尔卑斯山可以细分为中、南、北三个部分,其中北阿尔卑斯山最受户外人青睐。
Boasting some of Japan's most magnificent peaks and dramatic scenery, the Northern Alps (北アルプス) are truly spectacular, with stunning 3000m peaks accessible even to amateur hikers.
北阿尔卑斯山又名飞弹山,位于中部山岳国立公园内。这是一座横跨富山,长野和岐阜县的Y形火山山脉。北部的支脉基于Tateyama山峰,Tateyama-Kurobe高山路线的Murodō是这条线路最合适的起点。Y形山脉底部名为Kamikōchi度假村是南部支脉的最佳起点,而Y的东北线路则可以从白马出发——白马还是1998年冬奥会的举办地,这个滑雪胜地在秋天格外美丽,也是温泉爱好者的理想去处。
立山黑部线是徒步北阿尔卑斯山的经典下路,在一年四季的美景各具风情。夏季和秋季是最佳的徒步季节,漫山盛放的鲜花和红叶美如油画。9月至10月的murodo和daikanbo,是北阿尔卑斯山最不容错过的风景。
Summer and autumn attract visitors with beautiful landscapes, alpine flowers (especially around June through August) and autumn leaves. The fall colors typically reach their best around Murodo and Daikanbo from late September to early October, and they gradually descend the mountain slopes, arriving at the lower elevations from late October to early November.
Murodo是这段徒步线路的最高点,抵达这里的方式多种多样:你既可以像一个专业徒步者一样步行至此,也可以乘坐立山索道俯瞰连绵的山脉和高达186米的黑部水坝。
The highest point along the route, Murodo offers a variety of hiking trails that cater both to serious hikers and to those looking for a leisurely walk. Other highlights along the route are the single-span Tateyama Ropeway that provides great panoramic bird's eye views of the surrounding mountain scenery, and the 186 meter tall Kurobe Dam which is especially spectacular when it discharges water between late June and mid October .
6~9月的北阿尔卑斯山气温宜人,但这段时间之前和之后都可能很冷。山间还经常刮风——这可能是徒步者的小挑战。夏季徒步只需要一件单衣,但若要春秋来此,你还需要带上毛衣之类的保暖衣物。北阿尔卑斯山附近有酒店,也有山间民宿可以过夜。你甚至可以在kurodo附近露营,全天候沉浸于自然之景。
From mid June through September temperatures along the Alpen Route are mild, and it rarely gets too hot either. From April to early May and from mid October through November, temperatures are cool and it might get chilly on windy days. Just one layer of clothing is enough for summer, while an additional sweater or jumper is recommended for spring and autumn. Good walking shoes are advised if you plan on hiking beyond the easy walking trails in the vicinity of respective stations along the route. Accommodation in form of hotels, mountain huts and camp grounds is available along the route, especially around Murodo.
徒步小贴士
· 出发点:白马村
· 时长:3天(7~8小时/天)
· 难度:高级
大雪山国立公园是日本最大的自然公园,划立于1934年,面积超过2300平方公里,日文Daisetsuzan大雪山是“活火山”的意思。这是一处绝妙的徒步场所,整个公园鲜有人烟,却有鹿与棕熊,还有隐藏于偏僻之地的温泉、秀美的湖泊和茂密的森林。你可以选择在附近的温泉村过夜,朝日温泉和高原温泉都是非常著名的景点。
Daisetsuzan National Park is Japan's largest national park, designated in 1934 and covering more than 2300 sq km. It's a vast wilderness area of soaring mountains – Daisetsuzan literally means 'Big Snow Mountain' – active volcanoes, remote onsen, clear lakes and dense forests. Virtually untouched by human hands, the park has minimal tourism, with most visitors basing themselves in the hot-spring villages on the periphery.
The three main access points into the park are Asahidake Onsen in the northwest, Sōunkyō Onsen in the northeast and Tokachidake Onsen in the southwest. Another special spot on the eastern side of the park is Daisetsu Kōgen Onsen
1972年的冬奥会东道主札幌,以其拉面、啤酒和每年二月举办的冰雪节闻名于世。在这个年轻的城市,你可以痛快在户外滑雪,也能体验城市里的美食,甚至能参观啤酒博物馆、参加冰雪节——各种类型的玩家都可以在这里得到极大的快乐。
Sapporo became world famous in 1972 when the Olympic Winter Games were held there. Today, the city is well known for its ramen, beer, and the annual snow festival held in February.
海拔3776米的富士山是日本的第一高峰,它覆盖着白色冰雪的秀丽肖像早已成为了日本的象征,也是很多户外爱好者一生必去的地方之一。日本人对富士山的崇敬可以追溯到8世纪,如今每年约有30万人登上富士山顶。
Climbing Mount Fuji (3776 meters), Japan's highest and most prominent mountain, can make for lifelong memories. The mountain itself may look more attractive from afar than from close up, but the views on clear days and the experience of climbing through the early morning hours among hundreds of equally minded hikers from across the world are very rewarding.
日本有一句谚语说道:登一次富士山的人是智者,登两次则是傻瓜。晴朗清晨的富士山的确壮美无双,但她的美丽却也建立在极其困难的攀登之上。在登山季,登山的线路会因拥堵而变得更为艰难。近看富士山,攀登的道路格外贫瘠荒芜,与远处看她时的美丽景致相去甚远——这或许是一种落差,但征服富士山本身就是一件极美的事。
The Japanese proverb 'He who climbs Mt Fuji once is a wise man, he who climbs it twice is a fool' remains as valid as ever. While reaching the top brings a great sense of achievement (particularly at sunrise), be aware that it's a gruelling climb not known for its beautiful scenery or for being at one with nature. During the climbing season routes are packed, and its barren, apocalyptic-looking landscape is a world away from Fuji's beauty when viewed from afar.
西南诸岛是日本南海群岛的统称,由几条远离大陆的岛屿链组成。这些岛屿拥有美丽的珊瑚状边缘,岛上依然留存着前莱基王国舒适缓慢的生活节奏和独特的文化——与发达的日本都市相比,这里宛若与世隔绝的桃花源。
Collectively known as the Southwest Islands, the Nansei-shotō (南西諸島) comprises several chains of semitropical, coral-fringed isles far removed from the concerns of mainland life, where the slow pace and unique cultural heritage of the former Ryūkyū kingdom endures, offering a vibrant contrast to Japan's obsession with modernity, technology and homogeneity.
二战之后,冲绳岛——这个地区最大的岛屿——一直是美国在太平洋几个最重要的军事设施所在地。因此冲绳也成为了矛盾纠纷的锚点,曾举行过重要的东西方会面。冲绳繁华的首府和度假村如今已是日本重要的景点,吸引着世界各地的游客。
Since WW2, Okinawa-hontō, the region's biggest island, has been home to several key US military installations in the Pacific and a sometimes uneasy meeting of East and West. Okinawa's bustling capital Naha and the sprawling resorts further north draw steady streams of shopping, sun-seeking and honeymooning tourists from neighbouring Asian nations.
如果你想体验自然之美,西南诸岛将是你不容错过的地方!这些岛屿拥有十足动人的美丽和多种多样的特色风情:从重峦叠嶂到绿松石色的水域和细腻柔软的白沙;从壮丽的珊瑚到神秘的红树林——岛群的美等你来发现!
But seekers of nature and isolation will love the diversity and beauty of the smaller islands, from Yakushima's primeval forests and craggy peaks to the turquoise waters and soft sands of the Amami, Kerama and Miyako groups, and the spectacular coral, dense jungles and mangroves of the Yaeyamas, furthest south.